Newton’s First and Second Laws
1. With one exception, each of the following units can be used to express mass. What is the exception?
A) newton
B) slug
C) gram
D) N•s2/m
E) kilogram
2. Complete the following statement: The term net force most accurately describes
A) the mass of an object
B) the inertia of an object.
C) the quantity that causes a displacement.
D) the quantity that keeps an object moving.
E) the quantity that changes the velocity of an object.
3. Which one of the following terms is used to indicate the natural tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion at a constant speed along a straight line?
A) velocity
B) inertia
C) acceleration
D) equilibrium
E) force
4. A net force is required to give an object with mass m an acceleration a. If a net force 6 is applied to an object with mass 2 m, what is the acceleration on this object?
A)
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 6
5. When the net force that acts on an object is 96 N, the object accelerates at a rate of 48 m/s2. Determine the mass of the object.
A) 0.25 kg
B) 1.0 kg
C) 5.0 kg
D) 2.5 kg
E) 2.0 kg
6. A net force of 25 N is applied for 5.7 s to a 12-kg box initially at rest. What is the speed of the box at the end of the 5.7-s interval?
A) 1.8 m/s
B) 12 m/s
C) 3.0 m/s
D) 7.5 m/s
E) 30 m/s
7. A 975-kg car accelerates from rest to 26.7 m/s in a distance of 120 m. What is the magnitude of the average net force acting on the car?
A) 740 N
B) 2900 N
C) 91 N
D) 1300 N
E) 7900 N
8. A 2150-kg truck is traveling along a straight, level road at a constant speed of 55.0 km/h when the driver removes his foot from the accelerator. After 21.0 s, the truck’s speed is 33.0 km/h. What is the magnitude of the average net force acting on the truck during the 21.0 s interval?
A) 2250 N
B) 626 N
C) 1890 N
D) 972 N
E) 229 N
9 Two forces act on a 16-kg object. The first force has a magnitude of 68 N and is directed 24° north of east. The second force is 32 N, 48° north of west. What is the acceleration of the object resulting from the application of these two forces to the object?
A) 1.6 m/s2, 5.5° north of east
B) 1.9 m/s2, 18° north of west
C) 2.4 m/s2, 34° north of east
D) 3.6 m/s2, 5.5° north of west
E) 4.1 m/s2, 52° north of east
10. An apple crate with a weight of 175 N accelerates along a frictionless surface as the crate is pulled with a force of 14.5 N as shown in the drawing.
What is the horizontal acceleration of the crate?
A) 1.40 m/s2
B) 0.768 m/s2
C) 1.29 m/s2
D) 0.597 m/s2
E) 0.644 m/s2
11. Two forces act on a 6.7-kg block resting on a frictionless surface as shown. What is the magnitude of the horizontal acceleration of the block?
A) 1.8 m/s2
B) 1.2 m/s2
C) 0.82 m/s2
D) 3.2 m/s2
E) 8.9 m/s2
12. Two forces act on a hockey puck. For which orientation of the forces will the puck acquire an acceleration with the largest magnitude?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E) The magnitude of the acceleration will be the same in all four cases shown above.
Newton’s Third Law
A horse pulls a cart along a flat road. Consider the following four forces that arise in this situation.
( 1) the force of the horse pulling on the cart ( 3) the force of the horse pushing on the road
( 2) the force of the cart pulling on the horse ( 4) the force of the road pushing on the horse
13. Which two forces form an “action-reaction” pair that obeys Newton’s third law?
A) 1 and 4
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 4
D) 3 and 4
E) 2 and 3
14. Suppose that the horse and cart have started from rest; and as time goes on, their speed increases in the same direction. Which one of the following conclusions is correct concerning the magnitudes of the forces mentioned above?
A) Force 1 exceeds force 2.
B) Force 2 is less than force 3.
C) Force 2 exceeds force 4.
D) Force 3 exceeds force 4.
E) Forces 1 and 2 cannot have equal magnitudes.
A book is resting on the surface of a table. Consider the following four forces that arise in this situation:
( 1) the force of the earth pulling on the book ( 3) the force of the book pushing on the table
( 2) the force of the table pushing on the book ( 4) the force of the book pulling on the earth
15. Which two forces form an “action-reaction” pair that obeys Newton’s third law?
A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 1 and 4
D) 2 and 4
E) 3 and 4
A 85-kg astronaut pushes to the left on a spacecraft with a force in “gravity-free” space. The spacecraft has a total mass of 1.0 × 104 kg. During the push, the astronaut accelerates to the right with an acceleration of 0.36 m/s2.
16. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true?
A) The spacecraft does not move, but the astronaut moves to the right with a constant speed.
B) The astronaut stops moving after he stops pushing on the spacecraft.
C) The force exerted on the astronaut is larger than the force exerted on the spacecraft.
D) The force exerted on the spacecraft is larger than the force exerted on the astronaut.
E) The velocity of the astronaut increases while he is pushing on the spacecraft.
17. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the spacecraft.
A) 30.6 m/s2
B) 0.36 m/s2
C) 2.5 × 10–3 m/s2
D) 7.0 × 10–3 m/s2
E) 3.06 × 10–3 m/s2
Fundamental and Non-Fundamental Forces
18. Consider the following forces.
( 1) frictional ( 2) gravitational ( 3) tension ( 4) strong nuclear ( 5) normal ( 6) electroweak
Which of the forces listed are considered fundamental forces?
A) 1, 2, and 4
B) 1, 2, 3, and 5
C) 1, 3, and 5
D) 2, 4, and 6
E) 2, 3, 4, and 6
Friction
A 2.0-N force acts horizontally on a 10-N block that is initially at rest on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface is 0.50.
19. What is the magnitude of the frictional force that acts on the block?
A) 0 N
B) 2 N
C) 5 N
D) 8 N
E) 10 N
20. Suppose that the block now moves across the surface with constant speed under the action of a horizontal 3.0-N force. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is false?
A) The block is not accelerated.
B) The net force on the block is zero newtons.
C) The frictional force on the block has magnitude 3.0 N.
D) The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the surface is 0.30.
E) The direction of the total force that the surface exerts on the block is vertically upward
Tension
21. A muscle builder holds the ends of a massless rope. At the center of the rope, a 7.9-kg ball is hung as shown.
What is the tension in the rope if the angle in the drawing is 6.0°?
A) 960 N
B) 740 N
C) 370 N
D) 230 N
E) 150 N
22. A block of mass M is hung by ropes as shown. The system is in equilibrium. The point O represents the knot, the junction of the three ropes. Which of the following statements is true concerning the magnitudes of the three forces in equilibrium?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
23. A 20-kg crate is suspended from a fixed, horizontal beam by two vertical ropes. What is the approximate tension in each rope?
A) 10 N
B) 40 N
C) 100 N
D) 200 N
E) 390 N
Uniform Circular Motion
24. A ball moves with a constant speed of 4 m/s around a circle of radius 0.25 m. What is the period of the motion?
A) 0.1 s
B) 0.4 s
C) 0.7 s
D) 1 s
E) 2 s
25. The second hand on a watch has a length of 4.50 mm and makes one revolution in 60.00 s. What is the speed of the end of the second hand as it moves in uniform circular motion?
A) 9.42 × 10–4 m/s
B) 2.67 × 10–3 m/s
C) 4.71 × 10–3 m/s
D) 4.71 × 10–4 m/s
E) 2.36 × 10–5 m/s
26. Approximately one billion years ago, the Moon orbited the Earth much closer th
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