Create 4 double-spaced pages (not including the title page and reference page, with Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point) annotated bibliography and summary based on your research related to best practices addressing a current health care problem or issue. Provide a title page and reference page following APA style. Use at least four scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles. Follow current APA guidelines for in-text citation of outside sources in the body of your paper and on the reference page.
TOPIC: Medication Errors
Description: A medication error is a preventable adverse effect of a patient taking the wrong medication or dosage, whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. Medication errors can be a source of serious patient harm, including death.
Interventions: Electronic prescribing, pharmacist reviews, patient education.
Keywords: Adverse drug events, medication reconciliation, patient safety, medication administration, medication errors, medication safety.
INSTRUCTIONS:
For this assessment, research best practices related to a current health care problem. To explore the chosen topic, use the first two steps of the Socratic Problem-Solving Approach (Identify the elements of the problem, issue, or question. Analyze, define, and frame the problem, issue, or question) to aid your critical thinking.
1. Write a brief overview of the selected health care problem or issue. In your overview:
o Summarize the health care problem or issue.
o Describe the professional relevance of this topic.
o Describe any professional experience you have with this topic.
2. Identify peer-reviewed articles relevant to this health care issue or problem.
o Conduct a search for scholarly or academic peer-reviewed literature related to the topic and describe the criteria you used to search for articles, including the names of the databases you used. You will select four current scholarly or academic peer-reviewed journal articles published during the past 3–5 years that relate to your topic.
o Use keywords related to the health care problem or issue you are researching to select relevant articles.
3. Assess the credibility and explain relevance of the information sources you find.
o Determine if the source is from an academic peer-reviewed journal.
o Determine if the publication is current.
o Determine if information in the academic peer-reviewed journal article is still relevant.
4. Analyze academic peer-reviewed journal articles using the annotated bibliography organizational format. Provide a rationale for inclusion of each selected article. The purpose of an annotated bibliography is to document a list of references along with key information about each one. The detail about the reference is the annotation. Developing this annotated bibliography will create a foundation of knowledge about the selected topic. In your annotated bibliography:
o Identify the purpose of the article.
o Summarize the information.
o Provide rationale for inclusion of each article.
o Include the conclusions and findings of the article. (summarize what you learnt from using the actual research search, was it easy or hard, do you understand it or you need more practice)
o Write your annotated bibliography in a paragraph form. The annotated bibliography should be approximately 150 words (1–3 paragraphs) in length.
o List the full reference for the source in APA format (author, date, title, publisher, et cetera) and use APA format for the annotated bibliography.
o Make sure the references are listed in alphabetical order, are double-spaced, and use hanging indents.
5. Summarize what you have learned while developing an annotated bibliography.
o Summarize what you learned from your research in a separate paragraph or two at the end of the paper.
o List the main points you learned from your research.
o Summarize the main contributions of the sources you chose and how they enhanced your knowledge about the topic.
I have attached a sample to give you an idea of what a Proficient or higher rating on the scoring guide would look like.
cf_Exemplar_NHS-FPX4000_Assessment_2.pdf
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Applying Library Research Skills
Your Name
Capella University
NHS4000: Developing a Healthcare Perspective
Instructor Name
Month, Year
2
Healthcare disparities among individuals from low socio-economic status (SES) have been a
persistent issue, requiring attention and intervention from healthcare professionals, especially nurses.
This paper aims to provide an overview of the topic’s professional relevance to nursing. The process of
article selection through library databases assessing the credibility of selected articles and a summarized
annotated bibliography of three peer-reviewed articles, highlighting key findings related to healthcare
disparities for those with low SES is the focus of this paper. The paper concludes with reflections on the
learnings derived from developing an annotated bibliography on this critical healthcare issue.
Professional Relevance
Nurses play a crucial role in addressing healthcare disparities, particularly for individuals from
low SES. The social determinants of health, such as income, education, and living conditions, significantly
impact health outcomes. Nurses, being at the forefront of patient care, must be equipped with the
knowledge and skills to recognize, address, and advocate for vulnerable populations. Understanding
healthcare disparities allows nurses to provide culturally competent care, contribute to policy changes,
and engage in community-based interventions to improve health equity.
Article Selection Process
To compile relevant literature on healthcare disparities for individuals with low SES, a systematic
approach to article selection is essential. Through the Capella Library, I was able to utilize various
databases, such as PubMed and CINAHL. I limited my search by using appropriate key terms. Key terms
included ‘healthcare disparities,’ ‘low socio-economic status,’ ‘access to healthcare,’ and ‘nursing
interventions.’ I also used Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) to enhance the search results. Filtering
results to peer-reviewed articles ensured the reliability and academic rigor of the selected literature. I
also limited the search to articles published within the past three years to ensure they were current.
3
Assessing Credibility
Evaluating the credibility of selected articles is important. Criteria for credibility assessment
include examining the author’s qualifications, the source’s reputation, and the presence of a peer-review
process. Additionally, scrutinizing the methodology, data sources, and potential biases within the articles
is crucial. The use of reputable journals, academic institutions, and established researchers enhances the
credibility of the selected articles, ensuring the information is evidence-based and reliable.
Annotated Bibliography
Garcia, R., Hickey, M. T., Stillo, M., & Marquez, C. (2023). The impact of public transportation on health
outcomes: A longitudinal study of low SES individuals. Journal of Nursing, 30(1), 78-91.
This longitudinal study examines the relationship between low socioeconomic status (SES) and
limited public transportation. Limited financial resources often hinder access to private
transportation, making it difficult for vulnerable populations to reach healthcare facilities
promptly. Reliable and affordable public transportation can help ensure individuals can attend
medical appointments, access preventive care, and adhere to treatment plans.
Lack of transportation can lead to delayed or missed healthcare appointments, exacerbating
health issues and contributes to disparities in health outcomes (Garcia, et al., 2023). Public
transportation not only facilitates timely access to healthcare services but also promotes
preventive care, reducing the burden on emergency services. Reliable public transportation can
also enhance overall community health by connecting individuals to resources such as
pharmacies, grocery stores, and community centers.
4
Jones, M., King, O., Shaw, N. (2022). Access to primary care services for low SES individuals: A systematic
review. Journal of Health Equity, 8(2), 112-125.
Conducting a systematic review, this article investigates the challenges low SES individuals face in
accessing primary care services. The findings underscore the need for policy changes to enhance
healthcare access. Nurses can use this information to advocate for structural changes and
contribute to the development of inclusive healthcare systems.
One of the main interventions discussed in this article is the use of telemedicine to help expand
healthcare services, particularly in remote areas, allowing individuals to be able to meet their
providers virtually and not be hindered by the lack of transportation available to them (Jones et
al., 2022). The article discusses how with telemedicine there are additional needs such as
technology and internet connectivity which will need to be addressed as many with low SES are
not able to afford the bandwidth needed for visual telemedicine meetings with their provider.
Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2021). Bridging the Gap: Nursing interventions for low SES populations. Journal
of Nursing Research, 25(3), 45-58.
This article explores various nursing interventions aimed at addressing healthcare disparities in
low SES populations. The study emphasizes the importance of culturally competent care and
community engagement. The authors highlight successful strategies implemented by nurses in
diverse settings, offering insights into best practices for promoting health equity. The
interventions apply to areas such as transportation, assistance with prescriptions, and tele-
health options (Smith & Johnson, 2021). The sample was a small sample in a rural area of West
Virgina, but the interventions should be applicable to more areas including urban areas.
The primary intervention this article discusses in the need for financial assistance programs and
sliding scale fees to help make healthcare more affordable. The article also discusses the need
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for financial assistance in areas such as affordable housing, education, and job assistance
programs to facilitate individuals to be able to better care for themselves and their families.
Reflections on Developing the Annotated Bibliography
Developing the annotated bibliography provided valuable insights into the multifaceted nature
of healthcare disparities for individuals with low SES. It highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary
research and collaboration in addressing these disparities. I learned more about how healthcare
disparities for individuals from low SES are a critical concern requiring the attention and action of
healthcare professionals, particularly nurses. The process of creating an annotated bibliography and
using a systematic article selection process along with assessing the credibility of selected literature, will
assist me not only with this topic, but as I continue to research new topics during my education and
professional careers.
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References
Garcia, R., Hickey, M. T., Stillo, M., & Marquez, C. (2023). The impact of public transportation on health
outcomes: A longitudinal study of low SES individuals. Journal of Nursing, 30(1), 78-91.
Jones, M., King, O., Shaw, N. (2022). Access to primary care services for low SES individuals: A systematic
Review. Journal of Health Equity, 8(2), 112-125.
Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2021). Bridging the Gap: Nursing interventions for low SES populations. Journal
of Nursing Research, 25(3), 45-58.
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