Select from one or more of the three options below for your Week 5 Initial Post.
1. Review Table 9.4 on page 223. Which one of the components do you think is the easiest for you to implement? Why? Which component is the most difficult for you to implement? Why? How can you use course concepts from chapters 1-10 to your benefit while implementing the components in Table 9.4?
2. Review the six strategies identifying how a leader should respond to out-group members on pages 258 – 264. Which one of the strategies do you think is the easiest for you to implement? Why? Which strategy is the most difficult for you to implement? Why? How can you use course concepts from chapters 1-10 to your benefit while implementing these strategies?
3. Discuss how you will implement the concepts in Chapters 9 and 10 as you develop your personal leadership style. Use past examples as well as list implications for future jobs you may hold.
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INTRODUCTION TO LEADERSHIP Fifth Edition
DEDICATION To Madison, Isla, Sullivan, and Edison
INTRODUCTION TO LEADERSHIP
Concepts and Practice
Fifth Edition
Peter G. Northouse
Western Michigan University
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This reprinted edition of Introduction to Leadership, Fifth Edition, has been revised to align with SAGE’s updated bias-free language guidelines. In addition, a new profile of Harriet Tubman supersedes the profile of George Washington
found in earlier versions of the text.
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Northouse, Peter Guy, author.
Title: Introduction to leadership: concepts and practice / Peter G. Northouse.
Description: Fifth edition. | Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019029354 | ISBN 9781544351599 (paperback; alk. paper) | ISBN 9781544351612 (epub) | ISBN 9781544351605 (pdf)
Subjects: LCSH: Leadership.
Classification: LCC HM1261 .N667 2021 | DDC 303.3/4—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019029354
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BRIEF CONTENTS Preface About the Author CHAPTER 1 • Understanding Leadership CHAPTER 2 • Recognizing Your Traits CHAPTER 3 • Understanding Leadership Styles CHAPTER 4 • Attending to Tasks and Relationships CHAPTER 5 • Developing Leadership Skills CHAPTER 6 • Engaging Strengths CHAPTER 7 • Creating a Vision CHAPTER 8 • Establishing a Constructive Climate CHAPTER 9 • Embracing Diversity and Inclusion CHAPTER 10 • Listening to Out-Group Members CHAPTER 11 • Managing Conflict CHAPTER 12 • Addressing Ethics in Leadership CHAPTER 13 • Overcoming Obstacles CHAPTER 14 • Exploring Destructive Leadership Glossary Index
DETAILED CONTENTS Preface About the Author CHAPTER 1 • Understanding Leadership
Introduction Leadership Explained
“Leadership Is a Trait” “Leadership Is an Ability” “Leadership Is a Skill” “Leadership Is a Behavior” “Leadership Is a Relationship” “Leadership Is an Influence Process” Leadership vs. Management
Global Leadership Attributes The Dark Side of Leadership Leadership Snapshot: Michelle Obama Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 1.1 Case Study—King of the Hill ➨ 1.2 Case Study—Charity: Water ➨ 1.3 Conceptualizing Leadership Questionnaire ➨ 1.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 1.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 2 • Recognizing Your Traits
Introduction Leadership Traits Explained
Intelligence Confidence Charisma Determination Sociability Integrity
Leadership Snapshot: Nelson Mandela Leadership Traits in Practice
Harriet Tubman (1820–1913) Winston Churchill (1874–1965) Mother Teresa (1910–1997) Bill Gates (1955– ) Oprah Winfrey (1954– ) LeBron James (1984– )
Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 2.1 Case Study—NorthTown Doulas ➨ 2.2 Case Study—The Three Bs ➨ 2.3 Leadership Traits Questionnaire ➨ 2.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 2.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 3 • Understanding Leadership Styles
Introduction Leadership Philosophy Explained
Theory X Theory Y
Leadership Styles Explained Authoritarian Leadership Style Democratic Leadership Style Laissez-Faire Leadership Style
Leadership Snapshot: Victoria Ransom Leadership Styles in Practice Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 3.1 Case Study—Several Different Styles ➨ 3.2 Case Study—Leading the Robotics Team ➨ 3.3 Leadership Styles Questionnaire ➨ 3.4 Observational Exercise
➨ 3.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet References
CHAPTER 4 • Attending to Tasks and Relationships Introduction Task and Relationship Styles Explained
Task Style Relationship Style
Leadership Snapshot: Ai-jen Poo Task and Relationship Styles in Practice
Task Leadership Relationship Leadership
Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 4.1 Case Study—From Two to One ➨ 4.2 Case Study—Day and Night ➨ 4.3 Task and Relationship Questionnaire ➨ 4.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 4.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 5 • Developing Leadership Skills
Introduction Administrative Skills Explained
Administrative Skills in Practice Interpersonal Skills Explained
Interpersonal Skills in Practice Leadership Snapshot: Coquese Washington Conceptual Skills Explained
Conceptual Skills in Practice Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 5.1 Case Study—Give Me Shelter ➨ 5.2 Case Study—Reviving an Ancient Art ➨ 5.3 Leadership Skills Questionnaire
➨ 5.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 5.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 6 • Engaging Strengths
Introduction Strengths-Based Leadership Explained
Historical Background Identifying and Measuring Strengths
Strengths-Based Leadership in Practice Discovering Your Strengths Developing Your Strengths Addressing Your Weaknesses
Leadership Snapshot: Steve Jobs Recognizing and Engaging the Strengths of Others Fostering a Positive Strengths-Based Environment
Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 6.1 Case Study—Ready to Be CEO? ➨ 6.2 Case Study—The Strength to Stand Out ➨ 6.3 Leadership Strengths Questionnaire ➨ 6.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 6.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 7 • Creating a Vision
Introduction Vision Explained
A Picture A Change Values
Leadership Snapshot: Rosalie Giffoniello A Map A Challenge
Vision in Practice Articulating a Vision Implementing a Vision
Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 7.1 Case Study—A Clean Slate ➨ 7.2 Case Study—Kakenya Ntaiya ➨ 7.3 Leadership Vision Questionnaire ➨ 7.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 7.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 8 • Establishing a Constructive Climate
Introduction Constructive Climate Explained Climate in Practice
Providing Structure Clarifying Norms Building Cohesiveness Promoting Standards of Excellence
Leadership Snapshot: Nancy Dubuc Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 8.1 Case Study—A Tale of Two Classes ➨ 8.2 Case Study—Challenging Courtroom Culture ➨ 8.3 Organizational Climate Questionnaire ➨ 8.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 8.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 9 • Embracing Diversity and Inclusion
Introduction Diversity and Inclusion Explained
Definitions Inclusion Framework Leadership Snapshot: Ursula Burns Diversity and Inclusion in Practice
Model of Inclusive Practices
Leader Practices That Advance Diversity and Inclusion Barriers to Embracing Diversity and Inclusion
Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 9.1 Case Study—What’s in a Name? ➨ 9.2 Case Study—Mitch Landrieu: Symbolic Progress ➨ 9.3 Cultural Diversity Awareness Questionnaire ➨ 9.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 9.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 10 • Listening to Out-Group Members
Introduction Out-Group Members Explained
How Out-Groups Form The Impact of Out-Group Members
Out-Group Members in Practice Strategy 1: Listen to Out-Group Members Strategy 2: Show Empathy to Out-Group Members Strategy 3: Recognize the Unique Contributions of Out- Group Members Strategy 4: Help Out-Group Members Feel Included Strategy 5: Create a Special Relationship With Out- Group Members
Leadership Snapshot: Abraham Lincoln Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 10.1 Case Study—Next Step ➨ 10.2 Case Study—Unhappy Campers ➨ 10.3 Building Community Questionnaire ➨ 10.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 10.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References
CHAPTER 11 • Managing Conflict Introduction Conflict Explained
Communication and Conflict Conflict on the Content Level
Leadership Snapshot: Humaira Bachal Conflict on the Relational Level
Managing Conflict in Practice Fisher and Ury Approach to Conflict Communication Strategies for Conflict Resolution Kilmann and Thomas Styles of Approaching Conflict
Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 11.1 Case Study—Office Space ➨ 11.2 Case Study—High Water Mark ➨ 11.3 Conflict Style Questionnaire ➨ 11.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 11.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 12 • Addressing Ethics in Leadership
Introduction Leadership Ethics Explained Leadership Ethics in Practice
1. The Character of the Leader 2. The Actions of the Leader 3. The Goals of the Leader 4. The Honesty of the Leader 5. The Power of the Leader 6. The Values of the Leader
Culture and Leadership Ethics Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 12.1 Case Study—The Write Choice ➨ 12.2 Case Study—In Good Company
➨ 12.3 Sample Items From the Ethical Leadership Style Questionnaire ➨ 12.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 12.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 13 • Overcoming Obstacles
Introduction Obstacles Explained Overcoming Obstacles in Practice
Obstacle 1: Unclear Goals Obstacle 2: Unclear Directions Obstacle 3: Low Motivation
Leadership Snapshot: Bill Courtney Obstacle 4: Complex Tasks Obstacle 5: Simple Tasks Obstacle 6: Low Involvement Obstacle 7: Lack of a Challenge
Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 13.1 Case Study—Student Maid ➨ 13.2 Case Study—The Improbable Kodiak Bears ➨ 13.3 Path–Goal Styles Questionnaire ➨ 13.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 13.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References CHAPTER 14 • Exploring Destructive Leadership
Introduction Destructive Leadership Explained
Definition Toxic Triangle
Confronting Destructive Leadership in Practice Leaders Followers Context
Leadership Snapshot: Elizabeth Holmes
Summary Glossary Terms Application
➨ 14.1 Case Study—Dr. Chen Likes Power ➨ 14.2 Case Study—Breaking the Silence ➨ 14.3 Abusive Leadership Questionnaire ➨ 14.4 Observational Exercise ➨ 14.5 Reflection and Action Worksheet
References Glossary Index
PREFACE Leadership is a highly valued commodity. Given the volatility in world affairs and our national political climate, the public’s desire for constructive leadership is higher than it has ever been. People continue to be fascinated by who leaders are and what leaders do. They want to know what accounts for good leadership and how to become good leaders. Despite this strong interest in leadership, very few books clearly describe the complexities of practicing leadership. I have written Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice to fill this void.
Each chapter describes a fundamental principle of leadership and how it relates in practice to becoming an effective leader. These fundamentals are illustrated through examples, profiles of effective leaders, and case studies. The text comprises 14 chapters: Chapter 1, “Understanding Leadership,” analyzes how different definitions of leadership have an impact on the practice of leadership. Chapter 2, “Recognizing Your Traits,” examines leadership traits found to be important in social science research and explores the leadership traits of a select group of historical and contemporary leaders. Chapter 3, “Understanding Leadership Styles,” explores how a person’s view of people, work, and human nature forms a personal philosophy of leadership and how this relates to three commonly observed styles of leadership: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. Chapter 4, “Attending to Tasks and Relationships,” describes how leaders can integrate and optimize task and relationship behaviors in their leadership role. Chapter 5, “Developing Leadership Skills,” considers three types of leadership skills: administrative, interpersonal, and conceptual. Chapter 6, “Engaging Strengths,” discusses the emerging field of strengths-based leadership, looking at how several assessment tools can help one to recognize their own strengths and those of others and then put those strengths to work as an effective leader. Chapter 7, “Creating a Vision,” explores the characteristics of a vision and how a vision is expressed and implemented. Chapter 8, “Establishing a Constructive Climate,” focuses on how important it is for leaders who are running groups or organizations to provide structure, clarify norms, build cohesiveness, and promote standards of excellence. Chapter 9, “Embracing Diversity and Inclusion,” discusses the importance of inclusive leadership and best practices for creating inclusive environments. Chapter 10, “Listening to Out-Group Members,” explores the nature of out-groups, their impact, and ways leaders should respond to out-group members. Chapter 11, “Managing Conflict,” addresses the question of how we can manage conflict and produce positive change. Chapter 12, “Addressing Ethics in Leadership,” explores six factors that are related directly to ethical leadership: character, actions, goals, honesty,
power, and values. Chapter 13, “Overcoming Obstacles,” addresses seven obstacles that followers may face and how a leader can help them to overcome these. Finally, Chapter 14, “Exploring Destructive Leadership,” analyzes the causes of toxic leadership and discusses practical ways to confront and nullify it.
NEW TO THIS EDITION This edition retains the chapters of the previous edition but has been expanded and enhanced in several ways:
First, a new chapter on destructive leadership has been added. This chapter examines the nature of destructive leadership using a framework called the Toxic Triangle, which describes how destructive leadership emerges from a complex set of interactions between the leader, susceptible followers, and the environment. To combat destructive leadership, the chapter provides practical guidelines that followers and organizations can employ when toxic leaders seize power and act destructively.
Second, this edition includes 18 new case studies that illustrate the chapter content and challenge the reader to use this information to solve “real world” leadership challenges.
Third, it includes 5 new leadership snapshots on leaders, including Michelle Obama, Jasmine Crowe, and Elizabeth Holmes, which use stories of the successes and failures of leaders in a variety of fields to illustrate chapter concepts.
Fourth, this edition includes a new questionnaire on abusive leadership that helps students understand the dimensions of destructive leadership as well as their own destructive leadership tendencies.
NEW TO THE SAGE VANTAGE EDITION The May 2021 Update for Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice, Fifth Edition, contains the following changes:
The reprinted edition has been revised to align with SAGE’s updated bias- free language guidelines.
A new profile of Harriet Tubman supersedes the profile of George Washington in earlier versions of the text.
25 new Video Activities feature a diverse group of business and nonprofit leaders.
Replacement of multi-select questions throughout the assessments.
More than 80 new Knowledge Check questions.
More than 170 new Chapter Test questions.
Updated student assessment feedback at the end of all Knowledge Checks and Chapter Tests.
Improvements to photo resolution and appearance.
An updated LMS cartridge reflecting the addition of the Harriet Tubman profile and other bias-free language updates to the text.
SPECIAL FEATURES Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice is designed to help the reader understand how to become a better leader. While the book is grounded in leadership theory, it describes the basics of leadership in an understandable and user-friendly way. Each chapter focuses on a fundamental aspect of leadership, discusses how it can be applied in real leadership situations, and provides a relevant profile of a leader.
Perhaps the most notable features of this book are the four applied activities included in every chapter, which allow the reader to explore leadership concepts and real-world applications:
Case studies illustrate the leadership concepts discussed in the chapter. At the end of each case, thought-provoking questions help the reader analyze the case using ideas presented in the chapter.
Self-assessment questionnaires help the reader determine their own leadership style and preferences. Students may want to complete this
questionnaire before reading the chapter’s content. By completing the questionnaire first, the reader will be more aware of how the chapter’s content specifically applies to their leadership tendencies.
Observational exercises guide the reader in examining behaviors of leaders from their own life experiences.
Reflection and action worksheets stimulate the reader to reflect on their leadership style and identify actions to take to become more effective.
AUDIENCE A practice-oriented book, Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice is written in a user-friendly style appropriate for introductory leadership courses across disciplines. Specifically, it is well suited for programs in leadership studies and leadership courses in schools of agriculture, allied health, business, communication, education, engineering, management, military science, nursing, political science, public administration, religion, and social work. In addition, this book is appropriate for programs in continuing education, corporate training, executive development, in-service training, and government training. It is also useful for student extracurricular activities.
DIGITAL RESOURCES: A COMPLETE TEACHING AND LEARNING PACKAGE
Engage, Learn, Soar with SAGE vantage, an intuitive digital platform that delivers Introduction to Leadership: Concepts and Practice, Fifth Edition textbook content in a learning experience carefully designed to ignite student engagement and drive critical thinking. With evidence-based instructional design at the core, SAGE vantage creates more time for engaged learning and empowered teaching, keeping the classroom where it belongs—in your hands. Easy to access across mobile, desktop, and tablet devices, SAGE vantage enables students to engage with the material you choose, learn by applying knowledge, and soar with confidence by performing better in your course.
Highlights include:
eReading Experience. Makes it easy for students to study wherever they are—students can take notes, highlight content, look up definitions, and more!
Pedagogical Scaffolding. Builds on core concepts, moving students from basic understanding to mastery.
Confidence Builder. Offers frequent knowledge checks, applied-learning multimedia tools, and chapter tests with focused feedback to assure students know key concepts.
Time-Saving Flexibility. Feeds auto-graded assignments to your gradebook, with real-time insight into student and class performance.
Quality Content. Written by expert authors and teachers, content is not sacrificed for technical features.
Honest Value. Affordable access to easy-to-use, quality learning tools students will appreciate.
Favorite SAGE vantage features:
3-step course setup is so fast you can complete it in minutes!
Control over assignments, content selection, due dates, and grading empowers you to teach your way.
Quality content authored by the experts you trust.
eReading experience makes it easy to learn and study by presenting content in easy-to-digest segments featuring note-taking, highlighting, definition look-up, and more.
LMS integration provides single sign-on with streamlined grading capabilities and course management tools.
Auto-graded assignments include:
formative knowledge checks for each major section of the text that quickly reinforce what students have read and ensure they stay on track;
dynamic, hands-on multimedia activities that tie real world examples and motivate students to read, prepare for class;
summative chapter tests that reinforce important themes; and
helpful hints and feedback (provided with all assignments) that offer context and explain why an answer is correct or incorrect, allowing students to study more effectively.
Compelling polling questions bring concepts to life and drive meaningful comprehension and classroom discussion.
Short-answer questions provide application and reflection opp
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